CMYK
Also known as: four-colour process, 4-colour printing, process colours, CMYK colour model
CMYK is the four-colour printing model that combines cyan, magenta, yellow and black inks to reproduce a wide range of colours.
CMYK stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black). These four process inks are printed as tiny halftone dots that the eye blends into a wide range of colours, which is how most photos and multicolour artwork are printed on packaging.
CMYK vs RGB
Screens use RGB light; print uses CMYK ink. Bright neon greens or electric blues seen on screen may fall outside the CMYK gamut and print duller. Packaging files should be prepared in CMYK from the start and judged on a printed proof rather than on a monitor.
On flexible packaging
- On clear or metallised film a white underprint is needed behind CMYK areas, otherwise colours look weak and translucent.
- Critical brand colours are often added as a separate Pantone spot colour.
- Converters usually set a total ink limit to avoid drying and lamination issues.
- Accurate registration keeps images sharp.
Tip
Keep small black text on the black channel only (100% K) rather than a four-colour mix, so it prints crisp.
Frequently asked
Why do my colours look duller in print than on screen?
Screens display RGB light, which covers some colours CMYK ink cannot reproduce. A printed proof shows the realistic result.
Do I need white ink with CMYK on clear film?
Usually yes, otherwise the colours appear translucent.
Related terms
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